What is the bargaining power of individual buyers who shop at retail stores and websites?

The bargaining power of individual buyers who shop at retail stores and websites is best described as weak to non-existent because individual consumers typically do not have the leverage to negotiate prices or terms with retailers. Retailers often set the prices based on their strategies, including factors like market demand, competition, and overall brand positioning.

While there are many available products and brands, a single buyer's purchasing decision usually does not influence overall pricing or terms significantly, especially in a competitive market. Retailers can absorb the influence of individual buyers due to the sheer volume of transactions they conduct with many consumers. Additionally, factors such as brand loyalty and the cost associated with switching brands or stores can limit a buyer's bargaining power.

In the context of retail environments, customers may have access to information and competitive pricing through websites, but this does not translate into strong negotiating power in most scenarios, where pricing is typically non-negotiable at the point of sale.